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Effects of vertical integration on providers’ billing and practice patterns in Medicare (2018-2022)

Jessica Chang, Raphael Gaeta, Caroline Picher, and Marissa Myers
August 18, 2026

The Health Care Cost Institute (HCCI) in collaboration with West Health created this brief as part of an ongoing series examining how vertical integration is changing provider behavior. In this brief, we extend our previous analysis by using the same panel of physicians acquired by health systems between 2019 and 2021 to examine shifts in coding intensity and site of service for established patients in Medicare Fee-For-Service (FFS).

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